Process of briqueting and pressing material.



A. RO'N AY. PROCESS OF BRIQUETING AND PBBSSING MATERIAL. APPLICATIONTILED JULY 21, 1909.

1,002,453. "immease t. 5,19 1.

v 2000mm.

' fi ab View Damion? or GE AN ETINIG ND RESS N MATERIALQ ce l 11 we weper lnlpo 'f time or per fraction brought ihto relation With the: f alfwhiehfilspresent 1n the g operat on in question. 1 percentage ofadnilxtu e of nger muse the lflse of pressure pjer e; If perf fm etionof thetotal Osal e biught about, whereas ll the gi'eatr may take placeeoefrim ing my invention into practice, 'nstead of thecontinuoiispressure apl es possibleythe-greater f pressiire stages, injust as gh e'greeiis 2m approximation to ptee ire curve possible, 1 Theing mi nber of pressure stages has the 1 d ufiiepromoced bwing to theliciisslons." i

ijn e oftheideal pressure jeurve 2'; thus the fir ire stage I lasts about 6 seconds.

the emount (if the increa sew nem eupiedhy the pressing epem lshiiigfladnijixture of air a rise lof e 65 1 1e tofqrje, {one havingseveral stages,

tage that the operation "of i gee" becen ee constantly s hotter nereaslng-presure corresponding to the the second II only about 3 seconds, thethird III aboutQ seconds, and so on, the last pressure stage VIII lastabout'hali a second. The diagram clearly showsl that the smaller thenumber of pressure stages. is, the less ,does the compression operationfit the ideal pressurestage, whereas, on the other hand, with anincreasing number of pressure stages the Compression operation is thediagram that as the num:

tinually greater fraction of the total time,

the air is produced. Whereasthe ideal pressure curve 21 gives'thosepressures which are exercised by the operative face of the stamp,z. e. by the face of the briquet press on the v materlal, 7' indicatesthe ideal curve of those pressures which'are exercised by-Jth'e water Ion the hydraulic piston; a fourfold ratio of transmission is heresupposed between the face of the hydraulic piston and the stamp ofthepress, a pressure ofQOOOatmospheres of the latter corres onding to apressure of,

' stages I, II, III.

500 atmospheres o theformer,-'-s'o that at 3 I nate ofa point onthecurve j amounts to the fourth part of the ordinate any given'momentof the operation the ordi-v of'the corresponding point on the curve '5."From this it follows that, for obtainingffhe pressure xt.'in thecylinder of the press, the machine mustbe adjusted corre-' ,isp'onding'tothe" pressure stages I, II,

3 pressure stages .is equal.

III". which pp the t" each of the pressure-stages appertaining to thecurve i is four times greater in the example represented than the:corresponding pressure stage whichbelongsto' the curve 7', whereasthe'durati-on of these corresponding pressure stages to be employed isdependent on the percentage of air in the material, on the porosity,granularity, specific density,

J I and on special physical properties of 'the material to be pressed,size and shape of. the briquets tobe made, and so on. v

According to myinvention I may employ it'not only with materials suchascoal, salt,- s awdust, ore, fuels, refuse, peat,but" I. may

.- v I also use it for produclnga rigid combina- I other substances oflike form, sheets of paper, metal foil,

tion of granular, powdery, leafy, fibrous or' etc. for example; for thepurpose of alloying' metals in the press tions, as, e. g.,'-;forging,wire; draw1ng,and the like. n

liquid cold by producing the state termed -cold- The, invention, isvtherefore not I 71 confined tobriqueting processes but may be appliedalso to all other compression opera- "continuou's shaking The ,"number'of I into practice'is characterized by the outside surface 'otvthebriquetbeing made denser by A special: sphere oflei'nplcy ment ofinvention is briqueting metal chips, shavings ,;borings or otherwastemetal, such as,

iron filings, steel filings, andthe' like.

When employing my process for briquet-R ing metal'chips orother waste.metal, the

waste metal maybe pressed with such sub stances in an air-dry-state aswill promote the subsequentsmelting or working-off proc-v v ess, namelydiminis ing and replace thisv losses produced by'burning duringthesmelting; as suitable for this h loss in weight by burn areeitherclinker-forming substances and "substances which absorb or dissolvemetallic oxids andall' impuritiesof the metal, such as, e. g.,lime,-burned or crude or such substances which are lost by burning in thefurnaces as, oe g.,

- The admixture 0 such substances in anaiia graphite," coal or the like,

dry state has the advantage that, on the one hand, the removal of airfrom the material eration, whereas, on' the other hand, uni-formformation of clinker and, accordingly,

diminution of waste-by burning is pro- 9o moted. 4

' A further special mode of executiiig my process consists in substanceswhich promote the smelting or w0rking-off process as is' not-preventedduring the briqueting op.--

being compressed with the metal chips or I waste metal in such mannerthat the one setof materials forms the core whereas the.

Iother formsthe outershell of the briquet.

that the propertiesflof the substances added in an air-dry state whichmakethemselves In this" manner the advantage is obtained 'feltin thesubsequent working-oft or smelt-- I ing-process can becomeveryprominent. v A; further mode of executingmy process con-- smeltingprocessbeing placed in the briquets sists in the. substances whichpromote-the r in vertical or horizontal layers alternately withthewas'te metaL;

.Afurther modeiof carrying my process artificial means, for the purposeof making 1 inoperative atmospheric. influences which could ii'npair thedurability of the briquet,

- diminishlngfwaste byjbu'rnin-g during smelt ing, 'increasing'thecapability of conveyance owingto increased strength, and'bi'inging aboutlikeeconomic advantages. Making the exter or surface of denser accordingto "my invention has,in :rd-' v,diteon, the special advantage that thedegree :of pressure for producing the briquetdoes not require to be sohigh'as whenithe surface of'ithe briquet is not'made denser. v I

One mode of carrying-i my process mm actice consists in subjecting thebr'iquets' action of water or aqueousacid or salt soluthe briquetl.eaving 'the press' 'foina' short time to the ti'pns, for example bysprinklingthc briquets Obtained matures 65 materials was 01';

for

21 a ow ernnmdthe uisiit which re. Now

For this substances,Jfsuch as binding substances'with merely" theoutside surface" ofthe finished briquet,"andto. leave the core that theagglutinant is forced by the same I Q into the interior of the briquet,

The'fuel briquets made according to invention, particularly coalbriquets, may

' be c'oked on the surface Further, in many cases it is preferable toimpregnate these cok'ed briquets subsequently with bitumen tofprcvent,moisture. penetrating into them.- f .Where I'have used in thespecification Z1 and in the claimsthew rd completely @I as appliedtothe'remova of air trom -thefi in order 7 material being acted uponbyQ-Iny process,

' I do not'intend theword to be used in an 1 absolute sense, but only tosignify that a;

very large percentage of 'theqoriginal air contained-isremoved:Complete'removal of theair man absolute scientific sense is"impossible,-'asvit has been found that even when ,exhaustion'iscarried"to the highest ;.known degree there is still a certain amount"of air occluded or condensed upon solids v and that this occluded air,althoughcapable' of beingpartly removed by heating, can; neverbecompletely removed. Inthea'p-Q plication 'of my process, completelyeliminatether'emovable airand the word com- I, v pletely refers tothatcondition which .40 a'ir,although still present in minute vo l ume,hasbeen entirely removed as an active ingredient. I clalm: I I

'1. The'hereindescribed process; of briduet "ing and pressing air-drymaterial" without [the aid of an agglutinant and completely removing theair therefrom, which consists in subjecting the material to pressurewhich rises duringadefinitefract-io'n'of-"the. duration of the pressurean increasing TiLIIlOllIlt per unit .of time as the percentage otairint-he material decreases/ '1 2. The hereindoscribcd process '0 ts.theaid of an agglutinant and completely removing the air-therefrom,which consists in subjecting the material to a-number of i 'pressurefstagcs; terminating with a final pressure stage of very high pressure,the isef'of pressure during a definite fraction of the duration' 'ofthepressure increasing in amount per unit of time as the percentstratifying the waste metal, 1n a dry suba'gejof air in the materialdecreases. f .Th'e hercindcscribed process of briquetf briqtiet-w ringand pressingair-dry materiahwithout' and; air dry material withoutcreases. 1 p 3 4,,Ilhe'hereindescribed processor briquetthe .aid of anagglutinant andcompletely insubjcctingthe material-to a large numberminatingwith a'firial pressure stage ofvery decreases.-

raid ofa an agglutina-ntgand' completely resubjecting the Waste metal to.a' very high creasing amount per. unit of time. as the 6. Thehereindcscribed process of briquetmoving the air. therefrom, whichconsists in bringing into contact 'w th'thewaste subsequent Working-offor smeltin of the jecting the materials to ver high pres:

sure which rises duringa definite fraction incasing'the waste metal withan inclosing shell composed of a dry substance ada ted and in;subjecting-the'niaterials to a very' fraction of the duration of thepressure an 8." The hereindescribed process of briquet- ,-in' andpressing wastemetal without the ai of anagglutinant and completelyrcmovingthe air therefrom, whlch consists in stance adapted to promotethe subsequent the 'aidof an'agglntinant andicompletely :removing'theair therefrom, which-consists in .subjectingrthe' materialto a: numberof. umintcrrupte'dv pressure. stages terminating. with a final pressure"stage otveryfhigh pressure the rise of 'pressure d'urin'g a defi-- nite:fraction of the durationo'f the'pressure f increasing in amount perunit of time asthe percentage of air in the"material d e removing. the,air therefrom, which consists high pressure, therise ofi' pressureduring" a definite fraction of the duration oiithe. pressure increasingin amount ,per umt 'po f time as the percentagejof' air'inthe material5. The hereindescribed process of' briqnjet'ingand'p1'essing.waste.meta1' without the moving the air therefrom,which consists in percentage of air in the, materiaLdecre-ases';

high pressure which rises during a definite:

7 ing and pressing air-dry-- material without of viable.continuous'pfes'sure s ages tern-s.

pressure which risesduring a definite 'frac-i- 4 .tion of the durationof the pressurean 1nin 'andpressing-waste metal without the ai of anaggl'utinant" and completelyre lot metal a dry-substanceadapted-topromote the briquet which is finally formed,lan 'in sub v oftheldurat-ion of the pressurejan incr'easing amount 'per-unit of t me asthe per-.-

-aidof an aggllitinant and completely r e-;

moving the air,therefrom,wh 1ch consists in to promote the subsequentworking-o or smelting of the 'briquet WhlCh- 1s formed, a

increasing amount. per unit of time as tn 2 .percentageof air in thematerlalsdecreases.

"working-011" or smelting of the briquet which sformed,-'and insubjecting the materials toya very high pressure which rises during -aidefin'ite fraction of the duration of the pressure an increasing amountper 'iinit oftime asthe percentage of air in the inziterials decree scs.

9, t The hereindescribed process of briquetmg andpresslng air-drymaterial without the aid of anagglutinant and completely removing theair-therefrom, which consists in subjectingthe imaterial'to apressur'ewhich rises duringaldefiniteffraction ofthe dura- "tion of the pressurean increasing amount per unitzofftimeasflthe percentage of air-in thematerial decreases whereby a briquet is formed, and inqartili I densethe outside of the,briquet.

ciall making more 10? Thep'hereindelscribed process of briqueting andpres'sing air-dry material with out theaid-fo pletely removi aconsists'in subject sure which rises during a definite fraction an;agglutinant and comthe air therefrom, which the material to, a presofthe duration;of the pressure an increas:

ingamount per unit of time as the percentf: ageof air inlthe materialdecreases, wherev y by a briquet is formed, and inoxidizing the loutside-of the bri net. i

l queting and pressing air-dry material Withoutthe aidof anagglutinantand com- I "pletely removing the alr therefrom, whichconsists in subjecting the material to a pressure which risesduring adefinitejraction" 'lL Th e herein escribed process of briof the fdration of the pressure an increas- A ingf am ageof a1 a briquetisformed, and in artificially making more dense the outside of thebriquet byheating the same.

per unit of time asfthe ercent 1n the material decreases, whereby 12;The hereindescrib ed-process of brinant and completely removing the airtherea casing around the more eryhigh pressure which rises during aetinite fraction of the duration quet'ing and pressing difi'erent kindsand completely removing the air therefrom,

which consists inma netically stratifying the" materials in suc mannerthattahe sligh tly magnetic and less refractorypinateetal, and in,subjecting the- I ressure an increasing amount per unitofftime' as thepercentage of air in the "matefiialadecreases. w a i 13;?! Thehereindescribed process ofibr Waste metahumetallic ores or mixtures (ifthe samie without the aid of an agglut rial locatedoutside the moremagnetic and more refractory material, and in subjecting the stratifiedmaterials to a very high pressure which rises during a definite fractionof the duration of the pressure an increasing amount per unit of time asthe percentage of air in the material decreases.

14. The hereindescribed process of briqueting'and pressing withouttheaid of an 'agglutlnant air-.dr material capable of compression to aco (1' liquid state and com vpletely removing the air therefrom, whichconsists in subjecting the material to a pressure which rises during adefinite fraction of the duration of the pressure an mcreasingamount perunit of time as the percentage of air in the material decreases untilthe vcold li uidstate is obtained-in the material.

15. l h e hereindescribed process of briqueting and pressing without-theaid of an agglutmant air-dry ,material capable of compression to a coldliquid state and completely removing the air therefrom, which consistsin subjecting the material to a pressure which rises during a definitefraction of the duration of the pressure an increasing amount per unitof time as the percent age of air in the material decreases-untilthecold liquid staterisobtained' in part of-the compressed=-ihass -16, Thehereindescribed process of brig quetingian'd pressing waste metal andmetal plates" Without the aid of an agglutinant and completely removingthe air therefrom, which consists in subjecting the same to a very highpressure which rises during a-- definite fraction of the duration of theressure anincreasing amount per unit" of ime as the percerlage of airimthe material decreases until the cold a liquid state is obv 'tainedand a solid block of metal is obtained by a cold process. 1

17.The herein escribed process of bri- "queting and pressing differentwaste metals andvmetal plates without the aid-of an agglutinantand'completely removing the air therefrom," which consists in subjecting thesame as a very high pressure which r fles he pressure an increasingamount per unit obtained by a cold process;

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

, I ARPAD RONAY. Witnesses;

HENRY HABPER,

WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

durin'g'a definite fraction of the duration of t i f ime as thepercentage of air in thewaste I etalsand metal plates decreases untilthecold liquid state is obtained and an alloy is

